Title UTJECAJ TRENINGA RAVNOTEŽE NA RAZVOJ MIŠIĆNE JAKOSTI Title (english) EFFECTS OF BALANCE TRAINING ON THE DEVELOPEMENT OF MUSCLE STRENGTH Author Ivan Bugarin Mentor Tatjana Trošt Bobić (mentor)Committee member Tatjana Trošt Bobić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Sanja Šalaj (član povjerenstva)Committee member Dubravka Ciliga (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-07-14, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Svaki pokret koji čovjek izvede je produkt suradnje velikog broja sustava koji na poseban način doprinose i o kojima ovisi efikasnost čovjekova djelovanja. Ravnoteža i jakost su sposobnosti koje su svakodnevno prisutne tijekom svakog pokreta pa čak i tijekom mirnog stajanja. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati fiziološke mehanizme jakosti i ravnoteže i učinke trening ravnoteže na mišićnu jakost kod različite populacije. Ravnoteža tijekom stajanja ili složenijeg pokreta uvjetovana je velikim brojem informacija koje pristižu iz posebno specijaliziranih receptora a sve u svrhu održavanju centra mase tijela unutar oslonačne površine. S obzirom da je čovjek sastavljen od velikog broja uzdužno postavljenih zglobova, visokog centra mase tijela i relativno male oslonačne površine konstantna potreba za korekcijom posture je neophodna. Vidni, vestibularni i somatosenzorni sustav u kombinaciji s jakošću posturalnih mišića omogućuju bipedalni stav. U svakodnevnom životu a posebno u sportu, javljaju se situacije koje vrlo lako izbace čovjeka iz ravnoteže. Efikasnost se u tom slučaju vidi u brzoj reakciji koja rezultira ponovnom uspostavom ravnoteže. Neke od strategija jesu strategija gležnja ili kuka i strategija iskoraka a u starijih osoba postoji kombinacija sa hvatom za neki čvrsti objekt. Trening ravnoteže u praksi je poznat po svojem rehabilitacijskom i prevencijskom karakteru posebice u oporavku od ozljeda gležnja i koljena. Današnje spoznaje proširile su se na mogućnost njegove primjene u svrhu razvoja mišićne jakosti. Istraživanja provedena na učenicima, sportašima te osobama srednje i starije dobi pružaju obećavajuće rezultate. Kod djece javlja se mogućnost manjeg opterećivanja mišićno-koštanog sustava dok kod osoba starije dobi postoji mogućnost razvoja više dimenzija u manje vremena i na taj način prevenirati pad. Kod sportaša pojavila se mogućnost razvoja eksplozivne jakosti, tj. vršnog gradijenta sile.
Abstract (english) Every human movement is a product of different systems that interact and directly affect the outcome depending on the goal. Balance and strength are present in everyday movement including even when standing still. The aim of this paper it to present physiological mechanism of muscle strength and balance and effects of balance training on muscle strength on different population. While standing still or while doing a complex movement balance depends on lots of informations originating from different specialized receptors in order to maintain the centre of mass withing the base of support. Since human body is composed of lots of longitudinaly placed joints, high centre of mass and relatively small base of support, constant corrections of posture are necessary. Visual, vestibular and somatosensory system in combination with strength of postural muscles enables maintaining bipedal stance. In everyday life but specifically during sports activity, different situations happen that may lead to loss of balance. Efficacy of the system results in fast answer to perturbations that returns the body within the base of support. Strategies often used are ankle and hip strategy and step strategy while older people use the step strategy combined with a move of grabbing a firm object. Balance training is known for its preventive and rehabiliational effect specially for ankle and knee injury. Today, we know a lot about the positive effects that balance training has on muscle force production. Investigations carried out in the last three decades on adolescents, athletes, middle-aged and old people shows promising results. With kids there is a possibility to develop their capabilities without stressing the tendo-muscular sistem while in the elderly there is a possibility to affect many dimensions and prevent falls. Interventions with athletes showed positive effects on the rate of force developement, therefore on explosive strength.
Keywords
trening ravnoteže
eksplozivna jakost
vršni gradijent sile
prevencija pada
Keywords (english)
balance training
explosive strength
rate of force developement
fall prevention
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:191827 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-12-04 13:04:25
