Title AKUTNI UČINCI TROMINUTNOG SETA VJEŽBI NA USPRAVNU I SJEDEĆU POSTURU ADOLESCENATA Title (english) ACUTE EFECTS OF A THREE MINUTE EXERCISE SET ON THE UPRIGHT AND SITTING POSTURE OF ADOLESCENT Author Tea Merčep Mentor Tatjana Trošt Bobić (mentor)Committee member Tatjana Trošt Bobić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Sanja Šalaj (član povjerenstva)Committee member Lidija Petrinović (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-09-23, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Moderan način života i razvoj tehnologije utjecali su na životne navike gotovo svih ljudi, posebice adolescenata. Provođenje slobodnog vremena u velikom se postotku svelo na gledanje u različite ekrane i to pretežito sjedeći, stoga je sedentarni način života izuzetno zastupljen u današnje vrijeme. Srednjoškolci dodatno provode 6-8 sati sjedeći u školskim klupama, a sve to može imati negativne posljedice na držanje tijela-posturu. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi akutne učinke trominutnog programa vježbanja (provedenog na stolcu) na uspravnu i sjedeću posturu adolescenata. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 33 učenika/ca Graditeljsko-geodetske škole u Osijeku, prosječne dobi 17,08 ± 0,50 godina, od kojih je 25 učenika (prosječne visine 177,04 ±5,73 cm , tjelesne mase 72,92 ± 11,52 kg) te 8 učenica (prosječne visine 162,62 ±6,82 cm, tjelesne mase 61,14 ±10,32 kg). Ispitanici/ce su prije provođenja trominutnog programa vježbi na stolcu bili inicijalno fotografirani, a nakon provođenja programa vježbi finalno fotografirani na isti način. Fotografije inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja obrađene su u programu Apecs iz čega su dobivene praćene varijable, a to su: laterofleksija glave, nejednakost visine ramena te laterofleksija tijela u stojećem i sjedećem položaju frontalno (anteriorno) te nagib tijela prema naprijed stojeći sagitalno. Razlike u rezultatima inicijalnog i finalnog mjerenja, kao i statistička značajnost istih provjerene su t-testom za zavisne uzorke, dok je veličina učinka primijenjenog programa vježbanja procijenjena Cohenovim indexom veličine učinka. Navedenim varijablama praćeni su pokazatelji posture glave, vrata i gornjeg dijela trupa stojeći frontalno i sagitalno te sjedeći frontalno.
Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su poboljšanje u svim praćenim varijablama, odnosno vidljiv je trend smanjenja u rezultatima završnog mjerenja u odnosu na početno. Statistički značajno (p<0,05) smanjenje bilo je prisutno u varijablama: laterofleksija glave, nejednakost visine ramena i laterofleksija tijela u uspravnoj posturi (frontalno anteriorno) te u varijablama: laterofleksija glave i nejednakost visine ramena u sjedećoj posturi (frontalno anteriorno). U ostalim varijablama nije dokazano statističko značajno smanjenje, ali je u svim varijablama dokazan mali do umjereni pozitivan učinak primijenjenog seta vježbanja.
S obzirom na dobivene rezultate, predloženi trominutni set vježbi na stolcu mogao bi pronaći svrhu u prevenciji/ poboljšanju loših posturalnih obrazaca na razini glave, vrata i gornjeg dijela leđa u adolescenata na način da se uključi u sat tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture (TZK) ili da se
potakne na uvođenje jednog aktivnog odmora za vrijeme trajanja školske smjene. Uzimajući u obzir da je program vježbi proveden na stolcu, što je karakteristično školskoj nastavi, trominutni set vježbi mogao bi se primijeniti i u učionici prije početka gotovo bilo kojeg nastavnog predmeta.
Abstract (english) Modern lifestyle and the development of technology have influenced the living habits of almost all people, especially adolescents. Spending free time in a large percentage is reduced to looking at different screens, mostly while sitting, therefore a sedentary lifestyle is extremely common nowadays. High school students additionally spend 6-8 hours sitting in school desks, and all of this can have negative consequences on body posture. The aim of this work was to determine the acute effects of a three-minute exercise program (carried out on a chair) on the upright and sitting posture of adolescents. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 students of the Architectural-Geodetic School in Osijek average age 17.08 ± 0.50 years, of which 25 are male students (average height 177.04 ± 5.73 cm, body weight 72.92 ± 11.52 kg ) and 8 female students (average height 162.62 ±6.82 cm, body weight 61.14 ±10.32 kg). The subjects were initially photographed before the three-minute exercise program on the chair and finally photographed after the exercise program in the same way. The photos of the initial and final measurement were processed in the Apecs program, from which the monitored variables were obtained, namely: head lateroflexion, shoulder height inequality and body lateroflexion in standing and sitting positions frontally (anteriorly) and forward body tilt standing sagittally. Differences in the results of the initial and final measurements, as well as their statistical significance, were verified by the t-test for dependent samples, while the effect size of the applied set of exercises was evaluated by Cohen's index of effect size (ES).
The variables were followed by indicators of the posture of the head, neck and upper part of the trunk standing frontally and sagittally and sitting frontally.
The obtained results showed improvement in all monitored variables, i.e., there is a visible trend of reduction in the results of the final measurement compared to the initial one. A statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction was present in the variables: head lateroflexion, shoulder height inequality and body lateroflexion in the upright posture (frontal anterior) and in the variables: head lateroflexion and shoulder height inequality in the sitting posture (frontal anterior). In other variables, no statistically significant reduction was demonstrated, but in all variables, a small to moderate effect of the applied exercise set was demonstrated.
Considering the obtained results, the proposed three-minute set of exercises on the chair could find a purpose in preventing/improving bad postural patterns at the level of the head, neck and upper back in adolescents in such a way as to be included in the physical and health education class or to encourage introduction of one active break during the school shift. Considering that the exercise program was carried out on a chair, which is characteristic of school teaching, the three-minute set of exercises could also be applied in the classroom before the start of almost any subject.
Keywords
srednjoškolci
sedentarno ponašanje
držanje tijela
vježbe na stolcu
aktivni školski odmor
Keywords (english)
high school students
sedentary behavior
body posture
chair exercises
active school break
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:371441 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-10-17 11:07:02
