| Abstract | Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi rodne razlike u razini kvalitete života, tjelesne aktivnosti i loših životnih navika na uzorku srednjoškolaca u dobi od 16. do 19. godine. U ovom istraživanju sudjelovalo je 275 ispitanika, prosječne dobi 16,77±0,82 godine. Uzorak ispitanika je obuhvatio dvije strukovne srednje škole. Učenici su se školovali za zanimanje fizioterapeuta, ekonomista, hotelijersko-turističkih komercijalista, kuhara, komercijalista te program ekonomske gimnazije. Uzorak varijabli sastojao se od Upitnika kvalitete života Svjetske Zdravstvene Organizacije, Međunarodnog upitnika razine tjelesne aktivnosti (kraće verzije), te dodatnih pitanja o rizičnim ponašanjima. Razlike u kvaliteti života, tjelesnoj aktivnosti i rizičnim ponašanjima utvrđene su analizom varijance (ANOVA) i multivarijatnom analizom varijance (MANOVA). Statistička značajnost postavljena je na p≤0.05. Rezultati su pokazali značajne razlike u kvaliteti života između spolova (Wilksova lambda=0.867; p<0.001). Otprilike 62% učenika i 58% učenica ocijenilo je svoju kvalitetu života „prilično dobrom“ ili „vrlo dobrom“. Postoje značajne razlike i u danima provedenima bavljenjem visoko intenzivnom tjelesnom aktivnošću između spolova (p=0.002). Gotovo 25% ispitanika izjavilo je kako se dnevno ne bavi tjelesnom aktivnošću umjerenog intenziteta, a oko 30% ispitanika se ne bavi visoko intenzivnom tjelesnom aktivnošću. Nadalje, oko 55% ispitanika hoda sedam dana u tjednu. 38% učenika i 35% učenica izjavilo je kako svakodnevno konzumira duhanske proizvode, dok je 71% učenika i 69% učenica konzumiralo alkoholna pića u zadnjih mjesec dana. Također, 72% učenika i 70% učenica svakodnevno konzumira kavu, gdje učenice konzumiraju više šalica kave dnevno (u prosjeku 2-3 šalice), u odnosu na učenike (1 šalica). Većina ispitanika spava preporučenih 8-9 sati dnevno. Zaključno, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na povećanu prevalenciju konzumacije duhanskih proizvoda, alkoholnih pića i kave, te na smanjenu prevalenciju bavljenja tjelesnom aktivnošću, osobito kod učenica. U sustav školstva se moraju implementirati posebne strategije kako bi se povećao broj izvannastavnih aktivnosti, a time i interes učenika u sudjelovanju u istima. Potrebni su i stroži zakoni radi prevencije prodavanja duhanskih i alkoholnih proizvoda osobama mlađima od 18 godina. Edukacija i uključivanje roditelja u djetetove školske i izvanškolske aktivnosti uvelike će poboljšati zdravstveni status adolescenata koji prolaze kroz osjetljivo razdoblje tjelesnog, mentalnog i socijalnog razvoja. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of the present study was to determine gender differences in quality of life, physical activity and risk behaviours among adolescents aged 16-19 years. The participants of this study were 275 secondary school students. The sample of participants was chosen from two secondary schools in which students have been educated for different kinds of professions: physiotherapists, economists, tourist economists, chefs, trading economists and economy high school programme. The sample of variables is comprised from World Health Organization – Quality of Life questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) and additional questions about risk behaviours. Differences in Quality of Life, physical activity and risk behaviours were determined using variance analysis (ANOVA) and multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA). Significance was set up at p≤0.05. Results showed significant differences in quality of life between sexes (Wilk's lambda=0.867; p<0.001). Roughly, 62% of males and 58% of females reported having a „very good“ or „excellent“ quality of life. Also, significant differences were obvious during the days participants had vigorous physical activity (p=0.002). Almost 25% of all participants reported not participating in any moderate physical activity daily, and about 30% of them haven't done any vigorous physical activity. Moreover, around 55% of all participants walked seven days a week. 38% of males and 35% of females reported consuming tobacco products on a daily basis, while 71% of males and 70% of females reported consuming coffee. Females reported they consumed more cups of coffee (2-3 cups of coffee on average) opposed to males (1 cup of coffee) daily. Most of the participants have slept 8-9 hours a day. In conclusion, results from this study showed increased prevalence of consuming tobacco products, alcohol beverages and coffee, along with decreased prevalence of doing physical activity, especially among female students. Special strategies should be implemented inside the school system to increase the number of extra-curricular acivities. Strict laws are needed in order to prevent adolescents from being able to buy tobacco and alcohol products. Proper education and including parents in school projects and other activites might improve the health status of adolescents who are in a sensitive period of physical, mental and social development. |
