USPOREDBA RAZLIČITIH KONCEPCIJA TRENINGA ZA RAZVOJ JAKOSTI KOD OSOBA STARIJE ŽIVOTNE DOBI

master's thesis

• Title (english): COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF TRAINING FOR STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT IN OLDER AGE
• Author: Dora Zečević
• Mentor: Mario Kasović (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravka Ciliga (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Kasović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Saša Vuk (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Kinesiology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Kinesiology

Abstract

Cilj je diplomskog rada analizirati i usporediti razliĉite koncepcije treninga za razvoj jakosti kod starijih osoba, odnosno utvrditi njihove prednosti i nedostatke te prikazati sadrţaj i primjer jednog mjeseĉnog ciklusa za razvoj jakosti kod osoba starije ţivotne dobi. Osobe starije ţivotne dobi doţivljavaju brojne funkcijske i somatske promjene, meĊu kojima se istiĉe gubitak mišićne mase koji se u starijih osoba smanjuje za oko trećinu. Gubitak skeletne mišićne mase i snage poznat je kao sarkopenija. Sarkopenija je prisutna u mišićima ruku i nogu, pa dovodi do nesigurnosti pri kretanju, a smanjenje kretanja dodatno slabi mišiće i moţe uzrokovati pad. Zbog toga se narušava i kvaliteta ţivota osoba starije ţivotne dobi.
Prevencija i tretman gubitka mišićne mase i sarkopenije odnose se, izmeĊu ostaloga, na umjerenu tjelesnu aktivnost. Tjelesna aktivnost odnosi se na treninge jakosti kojima se odrţava i povećava koštana i mišićna masa, poveća mišićna jakost i jakost te poveća mišićna izdrţljivost, što je vaţno za oĉuvanje samostalnosti te smanjenje rizika od pada. Najĉešći i najefikasniji oblici treninga za razvoj mišićne jakosti jesu statiĉki, dinamiĉki i pliometrijski treninzi. Statiĉke treninge karakteriziraju mišićna naprezanja koja su usmjerena prema osiguravanju poloţaja tijela, dinamiĉki treninzi se odnose na dinamiĉke kontrakcije mišića s opterećenjem, dok pliometrijski treninzi obuhvaćaju posebne vjeţbe koje stimuliraju istezanje mišića, pri ĉemu se mišići nalaze u ekscentriĉnoj kontrakciji nakon ĉega slijedi jaka koncentriĉna kontrakcija.

Abstract (english)

The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare different concepts of training for the development of strength in the elderly and to identify their advantages and disadvantages and present the content and example of a monthly strenght development cycle for older people. Older people experience a number of functional and somatic changes, which include loss of muscle mass, which is reduced by about a third in the elderly. Loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength is known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is present in the muscles of the arms and legs, leading to uncertainty in movement, and a decrease in movement further weakens the muscles and can cause a fall. Therefore, the quality of life of older persons is also impaired.
Prevention and treatment of muscle loss and sarcopenia relate, among other things, to moderate physical activity. Physical activity refers to strength training that maintains and increases bone and muscle mass, increases muscle strength and strength, and increases muscular endurance, which is important for maintaining independence and reducing the risk of falling. The most common and effective forms of training for the development of muscle strength are static, dynamic and plyometric training. Static workouts are characterized by muscular stresses aimed at securing body posture, dynamic workouts refer to dynamic muscle contractions with load, while plyometric workouts include special exercises that stimulate muscle stretching, with the muscles being in an eccentric contraction followed by a strong concentric contraction.

• Keywords: osobe starije životne dobi; mišićna masa; sarkopenija; trening jakosti
• Keywords (english): elderly; muscle mass; sarcopenia; strength training
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:117:566896
• Study programme: Title: Integrated undergraduate and graduate university study of kinesiology; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra kineziologije (magistar / magistra kineziologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-02 11:23:47