Title UPUTE PRI UČENJU I POUČAVANJU VJEŽBE ČUČANJ Title (english) CUES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR LEARNING AND TEACHING THE SQUAT EXERCISE Author Luka Feldvari Mentor Renata Barić (mentor)Committee member Renata Barić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Gordana Furjan-Mandić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Ana Žnidarec Čučković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-30, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Nakon posjeta gotovo bilo kojem fitness centru bit će vidljive barem dvije stvari. Ili vježbači uopće ne izvode vježbu čučanj ili je mnogi od njih izvode pogrešno. Ovome često pridonosi vježbačeva neupućenost u dobrobiti vježbe čučanj, ali i nedovoljna edukacija i/ili neiskustvo trenera pri davanju uputa. Čučanj sa slobodnom težinom je višezglobni pokret cijelog tijela s višom razinom složenosti u usporedbi s vježbama otpora na spravama. Stoga, dodatni zahtjevi za ravnotežom, kontrolom i tehnikom čine čučanj vrlo zahtjevnom vještinom, složenom za oblikovanje i još zahtjevnijom za podučavanje, a od trenera se očekuje dobro razumijevanje metodike učenja/poučavanja ovakokompleksnih vježbi. Cilj ovog rada je objasniti proces učenja čučnja te ispitati postoji li razlika u detekciji pogrešaka te davanju uputa i povratnih informacija u procesu učenja čučnja od strane trenera različitih razina kineziološkog obrazovanja. Nadalje cilj je bio ispitati važnost pojedinih segmenata izvedbe čučnja u procesu učenja od strane trenera različitih razina obrazovanja. Rezultati su pokazali kako je pri poučavanju vježbe čučanj verbalna uputa “Guraj koljena prema van” najčešće korištena uputa među trenerima. Sukladno tome, greška valgusa koljena, odnosno guranja koljena unutra pri izvođenju čučnja prema rezultatima istraživanja je najčešća greška vježbača, a tjelesna uputa “pritisak na vanjsku/unutarnju stranu koljena pomoću ruku“, kojom se upozorava na valgus položaj koljena ali i najčešće korištena povratna informacija „Ne guraj koljena unutra, nego guraj koljena prema van i neka budu u liniji sa stopalom“ ima važnu ulogu u poučavanju čučnja kod trenera. Što se tiče vizualnih uputa svi treneri koriste najčešće osobnu demonstraciju kao sredstvo prenošenja informacija. Također rezultati su pokazali kako treneri različitih razina obrazovanja statistički značajno različito percipiraju važnost pojedinih segmenata izvedbe za proces učenja čučnja. Treneri s višom razinom obrazovanja procjenjuju položaj stopala, položaj koljena te fazu dizanja važnijima, dok položaj kukova, hvata i položaj laktova procjenjuju manje važnima.
Abstract (english) After visiting almost any fitness centre, two things become clear. Either the trainees do not squat at all, or most of them squat wrong. This is often because the trainees are not aware of the benefits of squat exercises, but also because of a coach’s lack of education or experience while giving instructions. Squatting with free weights is a whole-body move that includes multiple joints, with a higher level of complexity when compared to resistance training with gym equipment. Additional requirements for balance, control and technique make the squat a very demanding skill to master, and an even more demanding teaching skill. For this reason, a trainer is required to understand the method of learning and teaching complex exercises such as the squat. The goal of this thesis is to explain the squat teaching process and to find out is there a difference in error detection, giving the inputs and the feedbacks in squat teaching process depending on the educational level of the trainer. Furthermore, the goal of this thesis is to examine the importance of individual segments of the squat exercise during the learning process, depending on the educational level of the trainer. The results have shown that the verbal instruction „Push the knees toward outside “, during the teaching of the squat exercise is the most common input used by the trainers. According to them, the knee valgus error, or pushing the knees towards the inside during the squat exercise is the most common mistake made by trainees. The results have also shown that the physical instruction of “pressure on the outer/inner side of the knee with the hands”, by which trainees are warn to the valgus knee position, together with most common feedback “Do not push the knees toward the inside, but toward the outside and have them in the line with feet” has the important role for trainers in squat teaching. In the case of visual instructions all trainers are mostly using personal demonstration as a medium for transferring the information. The results have also shown that trainers of different level of education statistically significantly perceive the importance of individual segments of performance for the squat teaching process. The trainers with higher education consider categories of foot position, knee position and lifting phases more important than categories like grip, hip and elbow position which considered less important.
Keywords
čučanj
upute
motoričko učenje
motorički zadatak
usmjeravanje pažnje
Keywords (english)
squat
training cues
motor learning
motor task
attention focus
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:017361 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to authenticated users Terms of use Created on 2024-03-07 10:12:08
