| Abstract | Cilj ovog eksperimentalnog rada bio je utvrditi postoji li povezanost i utjecaj psiholoških karakteristika straha, briga, samoefikasnosti i hrabrosti na proces učenja osnovnih elemenata škole alpskoga skijanja. S obzirom da je alpsko skijanje specifičan sport koji se odvija u promjenjivim uvjetima, postoji vjerojatnost kako su upravo navedene psihološke karakteristike jedan od čimbenika koji limitiraju napredak i količinu usvojenog znanja. Istraţivanje je provedeno na uzorku od 340 ispitanika, 252 početnika i 88 iskusnih u području alpskoga skijanja. Ispitanici su na početku bili ispitivani putem anketnog upitnika sastavljenog od 65 tvrdnji za procjenu straha, briga, samoefikasnosti i hrabrosti. Nakon toga su prisustvovali školi alpskoga skijanja u trajanju od deset dana. Zatim su demonstrirali odabrane skijaške elemente koji su ocijenjeni, a čije su ocjene usporeĎene s odgovorima ponuĎenim kod ispunjavanja upitnika. Na temelju rezultata ANOVA-e utvrĎena je razlika izmeĎu studenata skijaša početnika i iskusnih skijaša. Naime, grupa iskusnijih skijaša isticala se u većoj razini skijaškog znanja, samoefikasnosti, vještini i odlučnosti, dok je je kod grupe početnika bila primjetna veća razina straha (p<0.05). Nadalje, korelacijskom analizom utvrĎena je povezanost odabranih psiholoških karakteristika i znanja alpskog skijanja. Od dobivenih rezultata, posebno se ističe povezanost samoefikasnosti sa skijaškim znanjem, kako kod početnika (r=0.30, p<0.05), tako i kod iskusnih skijaša (r=0.22, p<0.05). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata moguće je uočiti negativnu povezanost straha i razine skijaškog znanja kod skijaša početnika, što ukazuje da strah moţe negativno utjecati na proces usvajanja skijaške tehnike (r=-0.23, p<0.05). TakoĎer, uočen je negativan utjecaj briga na razinu skijaškog znanja kod iskusnih skijaša, što moţe utjecati na njihovo usavršavanje skijaške tehnike (r=-0.30, p<0.05). U konačnici, potvrĎuje se mogućnost praktične primjene konstruiranog upitnika, no u kraćoj inačici koja bi sadrţavala osnovna pitanja za procjenu ključnih psiholoških karakteristika, samoefikasnosti, briga i straha, s ciljem maksimiziranja učinkovitosti škole alpskoga skijanja. |
| Abstract (english) | The aim of this experimental study was to determine the potential contribution of psychological characteristics fear, worry, self-efficiacy and courage on the learning process of alpine skiing. Alpine skiing is a very specific sport performed in variable conditions, so there is a possibility that the chosen psychological characteristics are one of the factors that could limit the process of learning the ski technique. The research was conducted on 340 participants, 252 alpine ski naive and 88 experienced alpine skiers. In the beginning of a 10-day structured program of alpine ski school, participants fulfilled 4-item questionnaire consisting of 65 claims that tested fear, worry, self-efficiacy and courage. At the end of alpine ski school they were graded for the demonstration of previously selected elements of alpine ski technique. Obtained grades were compared with answers given in the questionnaire. After the ANOVA analysis was made, there was a significant difference between ski naive and experienced skiers. Experienced skiers had better ski knowledge, self-efficacy, mastery and determination, while ski naive participants had greater level of fear (p<0.05). The correlation analysis was used to determine a correlation between chosen psychological characteristics and ski knowledge. The results showed significant correlation between self-efficacy and ski knowledge among ski naive participants (r=0.30, p<0.05), but also in experienced group of skiers (r=0.22, p<0.05). There was also a negative correlation between fear and ski knowledge among ski naive participants which reflects the negative influence of fear on ski learning process (r=0.23, p<0.05). Furtheron, the values showed a negative influence of worry on ski learning process among experienced skiers that could reflect negatively on their improvement of ski technique (r=0.30, p<0.05). In conclusion, it is confirmed that there is a possibility of practical appliance of constructed questionnaire. The recommendation is to construct the shorter version of questionnaire, including only the essential questions for each of the key psychological characteristics, self-efficacy, worry and fear, and consenquently this would lead to the maximal efficacy of alpine ski learning process in alpine ski school. |
