Čimbenici rizika nastanka ozljeda hamstringsa u sportu

master's thesis

• Title (english): The risk factors of hamstring injuries in sports
• Author: Antonija Golubić
• Mentor: Goran Marković (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Marković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Šentija (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Babić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Kinesiology; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Kinesiology

Abstract

Cilj je ovog rada dati pregled i na jednom mjestu sažeti najvažnije spoznaje iz relevantne literature o mehanizmima, čimbenicima rizika i učinkovitim mjerama prevencije nastanka ozljeda hamstringsa. Rad će prikazati važnost i ulogu mišića hamstringsa u sportu, dominantno u sprinterskim aktivnostima kod kojih najčešće i dolazi do nastanka ozljede hamstringsa, specifičnosti anatomije mišića hamstringsa te najučestalije mehanizme nastanka ozljede (istezajući tip i sprinterski tip). Glavni je cilj rada, na temelju pregledane dostupne literature, definirati i prikazati koji su to specifični ekstrinzični i intrinzični čimbenici rizika koji sportaša dovode u povećanu opasnost od nastanka ozljede hamstringsa, te koje su učinkovite mjere prevencije od nastanka takvih ozljeda u sportaša. Ozljede mišića hamstringsa jedne su od najčešćih ozljeda u sportaša, posebice u sportovima u kojima dominiraju sprinterske aktivnosti. Dva su najčešća mehanizma nastanka ozljeda hamstringsa, istezajući tip i sprinterski tip ozljede. Istezajući tip ozljede najčešće se javlja u sportovima kao što je ples. S druge strane, sprinerski tip ozljede se najčešće javlja u sportovima u kojima dominiraju brze, balističke aktivnosti, velika ubrzanja i usporavanja te nagle promjene smjera kretanja. Rizični čimbenici ozljede hamstringsa mogu se podijeliti u dvije općenite kategorije: intrinzični čimbenici i ekstrinzični čimbenici rizika. Nadalje, čimbenici rizika mogu biti promjenjivi ili nepromjenjivi. Danas je poznato kako se rizik od ozljede hamstringsa može značajno umanjiti i to tako da se djeluje na otklanjanje ili modifikaciju poznatih promjenjivih čimbenika rizika. U tom smislu potrebno je provoditi učinkovite mjere prevencije koje trebaju biti sastavni dio treninga sportaša kako bi se što je moguće više umanjio rizik od njegova ozljeđivanja.

Abstract (english)

The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of relevant literature and to summarize the most important findings on the mechanisms, risk factors and effective measures for prevention of hamstring injuries. The thesis will provide relevant information about the importance and role of hamstring muscles in sports, predominantly in sprint activities, in which hamstring injuries usually occur, the anatomical specifics of a hamstring muscle and the most common hamstring injuries mechanisms (stretch type and sprint type). Therefore, the main objective of this thesis, based on the reviewed literature, is to define and display specific and most common extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors that lead to increased risk of hamstring injuries among athletes. The effective measures for prevention of hamstring injuries in sport will also be presented. Hamstring muscle injury is one of the most common injuries in sports, especially in sports in which sprint activities are dominant. Two of the most common hamstring injuries mechanisms are stretch type and sprint type. The stretch type of injury is most common among sports such as dancing. On the other hand, sprint type of injury is most common among sports in which sprint activities, great acceleration and deceleration, and frequent directional changes are dominant. Risk factors for hamstring injuries can be divided into two general categories: intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Furthermore, those risk factors can be either adjustable or non-adjustable. It is known that the risk of a hamstring injury may be significantly reduced by acting on, adjusting and/or eliminating the known adjustable risk factors. In this context, it is necessary to implement effective prevention measures as an integral part of the athletes training in order to reduce the risk of hamstring injuries.

• Keywords: ekscentrična kontrakcija; ekstrinzični čimbenici rizika; intrinzični čimbenici rizika; istezajući tip ozljede; mišići hamstringsa; sprinterski tip ozljede
• Keywords (english): eccentric contraction; extrinsic risk factors; hamstring muscles; intrinsic risk factors; sprint type of injury; stretch type of injury
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:117:503502
• Study programme: Title: Integrated undergraduate and graduate university study of kinesiology; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra kineziologije (magistar / magistra kineziologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-05-04 09:39:52