Title NAJČEŠĆE OZLJEDE U ALPSKOM SKIJANJU TE UZROCI I MEHANIZMI NJIHOVA NASTANKA Title (english) THE MOST COMMON INJURIES IN ALPINE SKIING AND CAUSES AND MECHANISMS OF THEIR OCCURRENCE Author Matea Ožanić Mentor Vjekoslav Cigrovski (mentor)Committee member Vjekoslav Cigrovski (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Lana Ružić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Bojan Matković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-29, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Alpsko skijanje je sport kojemu su jednako vjerni natjecatelji i rekreativci. Alpsko skijanje je popularan zimski sport među djecom, adolescentima, ali i odraslima.
Kombinacija tjelesnih zahtjeva i vanjskih uvjeta koji se često mijenjaju čine natjecateljsko skijanje jednim od kompleksnijih sportova. Da bi se dosegle najviše razine skijaške tehnike, natjecatelji trebaju imati dugoročno vrlo pažljivo isplaniranu kondicijsku pripremu kako bi poboljšali svoju skijašku tehniku. Ukoliko se radi o djeci, kondicijska priprema se kreće provoditi već sa upisom u univerzalnu sportsku školu, sportski klub ili upisom u vrtiće u kojima postoji integrirani sportski program, a odrasli, odnosno rekreativci prepušteni su sami sebi. Ono što je specifično za alpsko skijanje kao sport, je to da može voditi velikom broju ozljeda ukoliko se za aktivnost na snijegu ne pripremi adekvatno.
Glavni je cilj ovog rada pokušati prikazati, i samim time utjecati na buduće smanjenje ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta, medijalnog kolateralnog ligamenta, ali i drugih čestih ozljeda u alpskom skijanju. Tu su uključene i razne traumatske ozljede glave, ramena te oštećenja vezana uz zimske uvjete. Prvi korak je prepoznavanje broja skijaških ozljeda u kontekstu incidencije ozljeda i njihove ozbiljnosti. Drugi je korak prepoznati koji su to faktori rizika koji dovode do ozljeda ligamenata i ostalih ozljeda koje su posljedice padova na skijaškom terenu, ali i prenaprezanja.
Naglasak je stavljen na ozljede prednjeg križnog ligamenta s obzirom da se prema najvećem broju istraživanja radi ipak o najčešćoj ozljedi u alpskom skijanju. Kod rekreativaca uzeta je u obzir obiteljska anamneza, gdje su članovi obitelji već imali ranije ozljede povezane sa skijaškim padovima koji povećavaju rizik za pojedinog rekreativca s obzirom da vjerojatno i sami pokazuje tendenciju agresivnijeg skijanja.
Veliki je broj unutarnjih i vanjskih faktora rizika koji utječu na nastanak ozljede zgloba koljena. Oni se odnose na biomehaniku samog kretanja natjecatelja ili rekreativca, njegova načina skijanja, raznih vanjskih uvjeta, mišićne snage, koordinacije i izdržljivosti.
Što se tiče skijaške opreme, zanimljiv je podatak da skijaška kaciga nije obavezna za rekreativce na svim skijalištima, već se samo preporuča njeno korištenje, u svrhu prevencije ozljede glave i vrata. U zaključku se navodi kako je prevencija skijaških ozljeda iznimno bitna, a provodi se u okviru pripremne faze za skijašku sezonu. Na taj se način reducira broj ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta za 45%.
Abstract (english) Alpine skiing is a sport to which competitors and recreationists are equally loyal. Alpine skiing is a popular winter sport among children, adolescents and adults.
The combination of physical requirements and frequently changing external conditions make competitive skiing one of the more complex sports. In order to reach the highest levels of ski technique, competitors need to have very carefully planned fitness training in the long run to improve their ski technique. In the case of children, fitness training starts with enrollment in a universal sports school, sports club or enrollment in kindergartens where there is an integrated sports program, and adults or recreationists are left to themselves. What is specific to alpine skiing as a sport, is that it can lead to a large number of injuries if not adequately prepared for snow activity.
The main goal of this paper is to try to show, and thus influence the future reduction of injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, but also other common injuries in alpine skiing. This includes various traumatic injuries to the head, shoulders and injuries related to winter conditions. The first step is to identify the number of ski injuries in the context of the incidence of injuries and their severity. The second step is to identify the risk factors that lead to ligament injuries and other injuries that are the result of falls, but also overexertion.
Emphasis was placed on anterior cruciate ligament injuries, given that according to the largest number of studies, this is the most common injury in alpine skiing. In recreational athletes, a family history was taken into account, where family members already had previous injuries related to ski falls, which increase the risk for an individual recreational athlete, since he probably shows a tendency to ski more aggressively. There are a number of internal and external risk factors that affect the occurrence of a knee joint injury. They refer to the biomechanics of the movement of a competitor or recreational athlete, his way of skiing, various external conditions, muscle strength, coordination and endurance.
As for ski equipment, it is interesting to note that the helmet is not mandatory for recreational skiers at all ski resorts, but its use is only recommended, in order to prevent head and neck injuries.
The conclusion states that the prevention of ski injuries is extremely important, and is carried out as part of the preparatory phase for the ski season. This reduces the number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries by 45%.
Keywords
skijaška ozljeda
prednji križni ligament
prevencija
tehnika
Keywords (english)
ski injury
anterior cruciate ligament
prevention
technique
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:463808 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-12-15 15:39:03
