Title DIJAGNOSTIKA I PREVENCIJA OZLJEDA MIŠIĆA STRAŽNJE STRANE NATKOLJENICE Title (english) Diagnosis and Prevention injury of Hamstrings Muscles Author Fran Kukec Mentor Marin Dadić (mentor)Committee member Marin Dadić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Luka Milanović (član povjerenstva)Committee member Saša Janković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-09-20, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract U sportu te sportsko rekreativnim aktivnostima najčešće zastupljene ozljede koje se javljaju kod sportaša su ozljede hamstringsa. Takva vrsta ozljeda nastaje uslijed mnogobrojnih čimbenika među kojima su najčešći brza promjena smjera kretanja, nagla zaustavljanja, sprintevi, udarci po lopti, a sve to događa se tijekom ekscentrične kontrakcije i stvaranja velike sile. Svrha ovog rada je prikazati samu anatomsku građa mišića te njegove zadaće, vrste ozljede, rehabilitacijske postupke te načine prevencije i dijagnostike. Mišićna skupina se sastoji od 3 mišića. M.biceps femoris, m.semintendinosus i m.semimembranosus od kojih svaki od navedenih mišića sudjeluje u lokomociji ljudskog tijela i izvođenju različitih pokreta nogu, a inervirani su n.ischiadicusom. Preventivni mehanizmi podrazumjevaju primjenu različitih programa vježbi izometrične, koncentrične i najčešće primjenjene ekscentrične kontrakcije, a jedna od najčešće izvođenijih takvih vježbi je Nordic hamstrings koja prema brojnim istraživanjima uz ostale vježbe smanjuje stopu ozljeda i povećava snagu mišića. Kako bi se postotak ovakvih vrsta ozljeda smanjio te kako nebi došlo do narušavanja sportskih performansi značajna je redovna primjena preventivnih programa vježbanja. Preventivni programi mogu se provoditi u uvodnom i glavnom dijelu treninga, ali i kao zaseban trening sportaša. Ukoliko dođe do ozljeda efikasnim provođenjem dijagnostičkih postupaka započinje proces rehabilitacije. Dijagnostika podrazumjeva analizu povijesti ozljeda, klinički pregled, palpaciju, usporedbu sa neozljeđenom nogom te različite vrste testova koje čine osnovu za početak provođenja rehabilitacijskih procesa. Danas, nerijetko korištena klinička dijagnoza podrazumjeva ultrazvuk i magnetsku rezonancu kao alat za definiranje ozljede i vrijeme potrebno za povratak u sport. Kvalitetna dijagnostika usmjerava proces rehabilitacije, ubrzava oporavak i priprema sportaša na povratak u svakodnevni trening ili sportsko natjecanje ovisno o mjeri sportaševe uključenosti u sport.
Abstract (english) In sports and recreational activities, the most prevalent injuries among athletes are hamstring injuries. This type of injury arises due to numerous factors, with the most common being rapid changes in direction, sudden stops, sprints, ball impacts, all of which occur during eccentric contractions and the generation of significant force. The purpose of this professional work is to present the anatomical structure of the muscle itself, its functions, types of injuries, rehabilitation procedures, as well as methods of prevention and diagnosis. The muscle group consists of three muscles: the m. biceps femoris, m. semitendinosus, and m. semimembranosus. Each of these muscles contributes to the locomotion of the human body and the execution of various leg movements, innervated by the n. ischiadicus. Preventive mechanisms involve the application of different exercise programs, including isometric, concentric, and most commonly used eccentric contractions. One of the frequently performed exercises is the Nordic hamstring exercise, which, according to numerous studies, along with other exercises, reduces the injury rate and increases muscle strength. In order to decrease the percentage of such injuries and to avoid compromising athletic performance, regular implementation of preventive exercise programs is crucial. These preventive programs can be incorporated into both the warm-up and the main part of training, as well as being conducted as separate training sessions for athletes. Efficient diagnostic procedures initiate the rehabilitation process in case of injuries. The diagnostic process involves analyzing injury history, clinical examination, palpation, comparison with the uninjured leg, and various types of tests that form the basis for commencing rehabilitation processes. Today, clinical diagnosis often includes the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as tools for defining the injury and estimating the time required for return to sport. High-quality diagnostics guide the rehabilitation process, accelerate recovery, and prepare the athlete for re-entry into everyday training or competitive sports, depending on the extent of the athlete's involvement in the sport.
Keywords
ozljeda
ekscentrična kontrakcija
Nordic hamstrings
lokomocija
sportske performanse
Keywords (english)
Injuries
eccentric contraction
Nordic hamstrings
locomotion
sports performance
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:117:769287 Study programme Title: Kinesiology; specializations in: Kinesiology in Education and Track-and-Field, Kinesiology in Education and Fitness, Kinesiology in Education and Wrestling, Kinesiology in Education and Sailing, Kinesiology in Education and Windsurfing, Kinesiology in Education and Judo, Kinesiology in Education and Kayaking, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesiological Recreation, Kinesiology in Education and Kinesitherapy, Kinesiology in Education and Physical Conditioning of Athletes, Kinesiology in Education and Basketball, Kinesiology in Education and Football, Kinesiology in Education and Volleyball, Kinesiology in Education and Basic Kinesiological Transformations, Kinesiology in Education and Dancing, Kinesiology in Education and Swimming, Kinesiology in Education and Rhythmic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Handball, Kinesiology in Education and Skiing, Kinesiology in Education and Artistic Gymnastics, Kinesiology in Education and Management of Sport, Kinesiology in Education and Tennis, Kinesiology in Education and Rowing Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-09-26 08:08:01
